White blood cells (leukocytes) White blood cells (WBCs) are produced by the immune system and help defend the body against infection. A normal total WBC count is 4,500 to 10,000 (or 4.5 to 10.0). A high count may mean that your body is fighting an infection. Low counts may be caused by certain drugs or infections. Skin prick testing: Skin prick testing can be used to identify allergies such as airborne allergies (pollen, mold spores) and food allergies. The procedure is typically performed on your back or forearm. The allergen is scratched lightly into the skin to see if you react to it. A positive test results in redness, itching, or raised round Plasma VS Serum Differences and Comparison Guide. by Arshad. The difference between plasma and serum is that is that Plasma has clotting factors in it while Serum does not contain clotting factors. Clotting factors are those factors that leads our blood to clot. Also, serum and plasma are present within the blood stream. In monitoring plasma concentrations one must recognize that a number of factors may influence these levels. For instance, levels may be affected by age, body-weight and size, genetical factors, abnormalities of water and electrolyte balance and complications associated with pathological conditions such as renal and hepatic impairment. Likewise Culture serum. Serum is vitally important as a source of growth and adhesion factors, hormones, lipids, and minerals for the culture of cells in basal media. In addition, serum also regulates cell membrane permeability and serves as a carrier for lipids, enzymes, micronutrients, and trace elements into the cell. lLUIbx. It has more protein molecules. It has a lesser amount of proteins. It has less dissolved carbon dioxide. The fluid has more carbon dioxide content. Plasma has more dissolved oxygen. It has less dissolved oxygen. They constitute a small percentage of the total extracellular fluid. Tissue fluid constitutes a higher percentage than plasma. Plasma vs Serum. Plasma is blood minus cells (RBC, WBC, Platelets). Serum is plasma minus clotting elements (fibrinogen) What kinds of proteins are in the plasma? (2) 1. Those at high concentrations (albumin, carrier proteins, immune proteins, proteins of blood coagulation) ALL PLASMA PROTEINS EXCEPT FOR THE IGS ARE MADE IN THE LIVER 2. The reference range for serum sodium is 135-147 mmol/L, [ 1] although different assays establish their own reference ranges, which may differ slightly. For the Architect c System that runs integrated chip technology (ICT) sodium, potassium,and chloride assays, the reference range for serum sodium is 136-145 mmol/L. [ 2] Measurement of serum Serum and plasma are obtained from the liquid portion of the blood that is obtained when the cells are removed. However, there is striking difference between plasma and serum. Serum is the liquid that remains after the clotting of blood. Whereas, plasma is the liquid that remains when anticoagulant is added to prevent clotting. Osmolality is a measure of the number of particles in a kg of the liquid they are dissolved in. Osmolarity is a measure of the number of particles in a litre of the liquid they are dissolved in. Fluid homeostasis is the term for keeping the concentration of the fluids in the body from changing. It is sometimes also referred to as fluid balance.

how does serum differ from plasma